Strategic Alliances and Trail of Broken Treaties 1700-1799
1784
Massacre at Refuge Rock, Awa’uq (Alaska)
More than 1,000 Sugpiaq men, women, and children hide on a small rocky outcrop off of Sitkalidak Island to avoid Russian capture. Russians find them and slaughter 500 to 1,000; some jump off the cliffs to their deaths. Men are forced into slavery, and women and children are taken as hostages to ensure the men’s cooperation (Native Voices, "1784: Russian fur traders massacre Sugpiaq on Kodiak Island").